High frequency analysis: from operator algebras to PDEs

Aug 28, 2023, 10:00 AM → Sep 1, 2023, 1:00 PM Europe/Paris

The aim of this workshop is to create a synergy between people from Operator theory, Subriemanian geometry and PDEs around problems of common interest. A large place will be given to working sessions to stimulate  interactions. 

HiFrAn.pdf

OM_ETAT DE FRAIS UA.xlsx

Mon, August 28

1 Analysis in sub-elliptic and sub-Riemannian settings: challenges and recent approaches.

In this talk, we will discuss various approaches that have emerged over the last decades to tackle different questions related to the analysis of sub-elliptic and sub-Riemannian settings. For instance, the study of hypoellipticity in these contexts has made considerable progress using groupoid methods from operator algebra while spectral properties of certain sub-Laplacians have been analysed with PDE and micro-local techniques. We will also describe the development of a systematic notion of phase-space in these highly non-commutative contexts together with the associated semiclassical and microlocal analysis for subelliptic operators.

Speaker: Véronique Fischer (University of Bath)

talk_fischer.pdf

2 The zero dispersion limit for the Benjamin-Ono equation on the line

Zero dispersion problems for nonlinear evolution equations are known to create very strong oscillations so that there are very few examples for which it is possible to describe the limit. In this talk I will discuss the case of the Benjamin-Ono equation on the line, for which the Lax pair structure provides valuable tools leading to a complete answer to this problem.

Speaker: Patrick Gérard (Université Paris-Saclay)

Discussions: Definition of the questions of interest for the discussion sessions

Tue, August 29

3 Hypoellipticity, pseudodifferential operators, tangent groupoids, and the Helffer-Nourrigat conjecture

In 1979, Helffer and Nourrigat made a very broad conjecture about the hypoellipticity of differential operators which are polynomials in a family of vector fields. Their conjecture generalises a vast number of results — eg, the elliptic regularity theorem, Hörmander’s sums-of- squares theorem, and Rockland’s Theorem (proven by Helffer-Nourrigat) on hypoellipticity for left invariant vector fields on graded nilpotent Lie groups. Helffer and Nourrigat proved several cases of the conjecture, but it has become newly accessible thanks to a beautiful observation by Debord and Skandalis which characterizes classical pseudodifferential operators in terms of Connes’ tangent groupoid. We will discuss how groupoidal methods can be used to resolve the Helffer- Nourrigat conjecture. This talk is based on joint work with E. Van Erp, with I. Androulidakis and O. Mohsen, and with N. Couchet.

Speaker: Robert Yuncken (Université de Lorraine)

2023-08-29, Angers - Hypoellipticity, pseudodifferential operators, tangent groupoids and the Helffer-Nourrigat conjecture.pdf

4 Quantum limits of some perturbed sub-Laplacians

In this talk I will present some recent results obtained
independently in collaboration with Gabriel Rivière and Chenmin Sun on
the spectral study of sub-elliptic operators. In the particular cases
of the Baouendi-Grushin operator on the torus and certain perturbations
of sub-Riemannian contact Laplacians in dimension three, we will
describe the quantum limits associated with these operators.

Speaker: Victor Arnaiz (université de Nantes)

Presentacion.pdf

Discussions: Small group

5 Wick symbol of evolution operators for operators acting on the Fock space or on the Wiener space

In the context of an infinite dimensional analogue of the Weyl pseudodifferential calculus, we have to work with the Fock space and with the Wiener space. This talk aims at giving a characterization, in terms of the Fock space, of a concept (a set of test functions) initially defined on the Wiener space.
The second part is concerned with the explicit computation of the Wick symbol of evolution operators.
More precisely, we consider a multiplication operator on a space of square integrable functions. Its second quantization is a self-adjoint operator (on the Fock space) and remains self-adjoint if one adds a Segal field. Both operators give rise to groups of unitary operators. We compute the Wick symbols of operators of this kind.

Speaker: Lisette Jager (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardennes)

Jager.pdf

6 Semiclassical normal forms for magnetic Laplacians

The semiclassical analysis of magnetic Laplacians is closely related to the analysis of hypoelliptic sums of squares. I will present some semiclassical normal forms for the magnetic Laplacian, which provide precise description of its spectrum. I will especially emphasize on the geometry of the underlying phase space. One purpose of this talk is to open discussions to understand better the links with results on subriemannian / hypoelliptic operators.

Speaker: Léo Morin (University of Aarhus)

leo.pdf

Wed, August 30

7 Magnetic Hardy inequalities in the Heisenberg group

We introduce a notion of magnetic field in the
Heisenberg group and we study its influence on spectral properties
of the corresponding magnetic (sub-elliptic) Laplacian. We show that uniform magnetic fields uplift the bottom of the spectrum. For magnetic fields vanishing at infinity,
including Aharonov-Bohm potentials, we derive magnetic improvements to a variety of Hardy-type inequalities for the Heisenberg sub-Laplacian. In particular, we establish a sub-Riemannian analogue of Laptev and Weidl sub-criticality result for magnetic Laplacians in the plane. This is joint work with Biagio Cassano, Valentina Franceschi and Dario Prandi.

Speaker: David Krejcirik

expose_david_K.pdf

8 A panorama of singular sub-Laplacians and their spectra

Laplace-Beltrami operators on rank-varying sub-Riemannian structures have been recently gaining interest due to their exotic properties. In this talk we will start from the 0th property of their analysis: self-adjointness. In a large number of cases, and in contrast with the Riemannian case, the sub-Riemannian setting presents large families of operators which are essentially self-adjoint even though the manifold is non-complete. We will then move on to present a panoramic view of what little is known about their spectral properties, with a particular emphasis on sub-Riemannian Weyl laws. Throughout the talk we will touch upon a number of simple-to-state open questions to stimulate participant’s interest.

Speaker: Marcello Seri (University of Groningen)

2023-08-Angers.pdf

Discussions: Small groups

9 Spectral summability for 1D oscillators and Fourier Analysis in Carnot groups

In this talk, I will address some questions concerning spectral properties of the sublaplacian $-\Delta_{G}$ on Carnot groups. The attention will focus on the Engel group, which is the main example of a Carnot group of step~3.

Thanks to Fourier analysis on the Engel group in terms of a frequency set, we give fine estimates on the convolution kernel satisfying $F(-\Delta_{G})u=u\star k_{F}$, for suitable scalar functions $F$, proving an interesting summation formula for the spectrum of the sublaplacian.

This analysis requires a summability property on the spectrum of the quartic oscillator, which is of independent interest. If time permits we will discuss possible questions and generalization of this result to more general Carnot groups.

This is a joint work with H.Bahouri, I.Gallagher and M.Léautaud

Speaker: Davide Barilari

barilari-angers.pdf

10 Maximal multiplicity of Laplacian eigenvalues in negatively curved surfaces

I will present a joint work with Simon Machado (IAS) in which we make progress on a longstanding conjecture by Colin de Verdière: we obtain a sublinear bound on the maximal multiplicity of first Laplacian eigenvalues for negatively curved surfaces. For the proof, we take inspiration from arguments developed recently in the context of graphs of bounded degree.

Speaker: Cyril Letrouit

Thu, August 31

11 Fredholm operators on graded Lie groups

A graded Lie algebra has a decomposition which is compatible with the
Lie bracket. This allows to define a differential calculus on the
corresponding group G in which an element of the Lie algebra can
have order higher than one when viewed as a left-invariant differential
operator.
This notion of order is implemented in the pseudodifferential calculi by
Fischer--Ruzhansky (for graded Lie groups) or van Erp--Yuncken (for
general filtered manifolds). They generalize operators belonging to
Hörmander's symbol classes. In this talk, I will discuss how global
pseudodifferential calculi on the Euclidean space, like the Shubin calculus,
can be generalized to graded Lie groups using appropriate groupoids.
In particular, we study when differential operators with polynomial
coefficients on G define Fredholm operators. This relates to a
Rockland type condition in terms of the representations on G.
This is joint work with Philipp Schmitt and Ryszard Nest.

Speaker: Ewert Eske

talk_angers_ewert.pdf

12 Schrödinger evolution in a low-density random potential: convergence to solutions of the linear Boltzmann equation

It is a fundamental problem in mathematical physics to derive macroscopic transport equation from the underlying microscopic transport equations. In this talk, we will consider such a problem. To be precise we will consider solutions to a time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a potential localised at the points of a Poisson point process. For these solutions we will present a result stating that the phase-space distribution converges in the annealed Boltzmann-Grad limit to a semiclassical Wigner measure which solves the linear Boltzmann equation.

Speaker: Soeren Mikkelsen (University of Bath)

Talk_Soeren.pdf

Discussions: Small groups

Discussions: Small groups

13 Decoherence time scales and the Hoermander condition

Decoherence is the suppression of interference effects in quantum mechanics due to the coupling of a system to an environment. The evolution in an open quantum system is typically described by the Lindblad equation and I will describe how semiclassical analysis of the Lindblad equation leads to a classical diffusion equation in the Hoermander sum of squares form and how hypoellipticity of that equation is related to decoherence. I will not assume any background knowledge on the Lindblad equation.

Speaker: Roman Schubert (University of Bristol)

Talk_Angers_Schubert.pdf

Fri, September 1

14 Weyl calculus on graded groups

In this talk we will discuss a class of symmetric pseudo-differential calculi on graded nilpotent Lie groups using the Hörmander symbol classes introduced by V. Fisher and M. Ruzhansky. Among the quantizations generating these calculi, we shall identify a candidate Weyl quantization on general graded nilpotent Lie groups by comparison with the well-know Weyl quantization on Rn. Finally, we will see that in the case of the Heisenberg group our candidate Weyl quantization coincides with the only possible one.

Speaker: Serena Federico (University of Bologna)

Talk Serena.pdf

15 Field $C^*$-algebra and spectral analysis of quantum many channel Hamiltonians.

This talk concerns the field $C^*$-algebra associated to a symplectic space (in a representation, this is the $C^*$-algebra generated by the field operators) and the spectral theory of the self-adjoint operators affiliated to it. The field algebra is graded by the semilattice of finite dimensional subspaces of the symplectic space and this fact has deep consequences in the spectral analysis of the self-adjoint operators affiliated to it, which turns out to be a broad generalization of N-body Hamiltonians. We also briefly mention some results and difficulties in the case of infinite dimensional symplectic spaces, where the field algebra seems to be too small.

Speaker: Vladimir Georgescu

angers_slides_vladimir.pdf

Discussions