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Journées scientifiques 2023 du GdR MaNu
from
Monday, October 23, 2023 (9:00 AM)
to
Friday, October 27, 2023 (2:00 PM)
Monday, October 23, 2023
12:30 PM
Accueil & Déjeuner
Accueil & Déjeuner
12:30 PM - 2:30 PM
2:30 PM
Mathematical modelling and simulation of corrosion in an underground repository
-
Claire Chainais
(
Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
)
Mathematical modelling and simulation of corrosion in an underground repository
Claire Chainais
(
Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
)
2:30 PM - 4:00 PM
The modelling and the numerical simulation of corrosion take part in the general description of the nuclear waste repository. After a brief introduction of the context of the study, I will introduce in a first part the Diffusion Poisson Coupled Model (Electrochemical Acta 2010) that describes the transport of charges in an oxide layer. I will review the main results obtained for the DPCM and show some numerical experiments. In a second part, I will explain how some minor corrections lead to a thermodynamically consistent model, so that the new model has a variational structure, and I will present the recent results we were able to prove on this new model.
4:00 PM
Pause
Pause
4:00 PM - 4:30 PM
4:30 PM
Mathematical modelling and simulation of corrosion in an underground repository
-
Claire Chainais
(
Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
)
Mathematical modelling and simulation of corrosion in an underground repository
Claire Chainais
(
Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
)
4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The modelling and the numerical simulation of corrosion take part in the general description of the nuclear waste repository. After a brief introduction of the context of the study, I will introduce in a first part the Diffusion Poisson Coupled Model (Electrochemical Acta 2010) that describes the transport of charges in an oxide layer. I will review the main results obtained for the DPCM and show some numerical experiments. In a second part, I will explain how some minor corrections lead to a thermodynamically consistent model, so that the new model has a variational structure, and I will present the recent results we were able to prove on this new model.
6:00 PM
Session poster
Session poster
6:00 PM - 7:00 PM
Tuesday, October 24, 2023
9:00 AM
An advection-diffusion equation within a nonlinear degenerate thermal diffusion in a diffuse interface framework (part I)
-
Gloria Faccanoni
(
Université de Toulon
)
An advection-diffusion equation within a nonlinear degenerate thermal diffusion in a diffuse interface framework (part I)
Gloria Faccanoni
(
Université de Toulon
)
9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This study is motivated by the modeling of liquid-vapor flows with phase transitions, specifically focusing on the evolution of coolant within a heat exchanger, such as the core of a Pressurized Water Reactor. We investigate an advection-diffusion equation incorporating a degenerate and nonlinear thermal diffusion coefficient. The degeneracy arises from a liquid-vapor mixture at saturation, while the diffusion coefficient remains non-degenerate in pure phase regions. Our primary focus is on analyzing the impact of the diffusion coefficient within a simplified 1D configuration, allowing for some analytical computations. This examination unveils a surprising behavior in steady-state configuration and establishes an interesting link to the Stefan problem. To explore the richness of the transitory situation numerically, we initially consider a simplified equation of state. Subsequently, we delve into the complete model with a realistic equation of state, addressing the associated challenges and presenting some approaches to numerical approximation.
10:30 AM
Pause café
Pause café
10:30 AM - 11:00 AM
11:00 AM
An advection-diffusion equation within a nonlinear degenerate thermal diffusion in a diffuse interface framework (part II)
-
Gloria Faccanoni
(
Université de Toulon
)
An advection-diffusion equation within a nonlinear degenerate thermal diffusion in a diffuse interface framework (part II)
Gloria Faccanoni
(
Université de Toulon
)
11:00 AM - 12:30 PM
This study is motivated by the modeling of liquid-vapor flows with phase transitions, specifically focusing on the evolution of coolant within a heat exchanger, such as the core of a Pressurized Water Reactor. We investigate an advection-diffusion equation incorporating a degenerate and nonlinear thermal diffusion coefficient. The degeneracy arises from a liquid-vapor mixture at saturation, while the diffusion coefficient remains non-degenerate in pure phase regions. Our primary focus is on analyzing the impact of the diffusion coefficient within a simplified 1D configuration, allowing for some analytical computations. This examination unveils a surprising behavior in steady-state configuration and establishes an interesting link to the Stefan problem. To explore the richness of the transitory situation numerically, we initially consider a simplified equation of state. Subsequently, we delve into the complete model with a realistic equation of state, addressing the associated challenges and presenting some approaches to numerical approximation.
12:30 PM
Déjeuner
Déjeuner
12:30 PM - 2:00 PM
2:00 PM
Méthodes de bases réduites pour des problèmes aux valeurs propres non-symmétriques: application à la neutronique
-
Virginie Ehrlacher
(
École des Ponts ParisTech
)
Méthodes de bases réduites pour des problèmes aux valeurs propres non-symmétriques: application à la neutronique
Virginie Ehrlacher
(
École des Ponts ParisTech
)
2:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Les calculs de criticité en neutronique ont pour objectif de déterminer si un réacteur nucléaire restera stable étant donné une configuration donnée du coeur du réacteur. D'un point de vue mathématique, ces types de calcul nécessitent de résoudre un problème aux valeurs propres non symmétriques pour des opérateurs vérifiant les hypothèses de théorème de Krein-Rutman. Il est très important d'un point de vue pratique de savoir résoudre rapidement et précisément ces équations pour différentes configurantions du coeur du réacteur, ce qui nécessite de devoir résoudre le problème aux valeurs propres mentionné ci-dessous rapidement et précisément pour un grand nombre de valeurs des paramètres intervenant dans la définition du modèle. L'objet de cet exposé est de présenter une méthode de bases réduites pour la construction d'un modèle réduit pour ce type de problème ainsi que d'un estimateur d'erreur a posteriori efficace associé à ce modèle réduit. Nous illustrerons les performances du modèle réduit (et de l'estimateur d'erreur a posteriori développé) sur plusieurs cas test, dont certains utilisant le code APOLLO3 développé par le CEA pour effectuer les calculs de criticité. (Travail en collaboration avec Yonah Conjugo-Taumhas, Geneviève Dusson, François Madiot et Tony Lelièvre.)
3:00 PM
Equation d’advection-convection du titre massique d’une espèce : schémas volumes finis vérifiant le principe du maximum discret sans contrainte sur le pas de temps
-
Gauthier Lazare
(
EDF R&D
)
Equation d’advection-convection du titre massique d’une espèce : schémas volumes finis vérifiant le principe du maximum discret sans contrainte sur le pas de temps
Gauthier Lazare
(
EDF R&D
)
3:00 PM - 3:30 PM
Dans un écoulement diphasique déséquilibré en vitesse, l’évolution du titre massique vapeur 𝑦 peut être modélisé par une équation d’advection-convection non linéaire avec un débit 𝒒𝒚 = 𝒒 + (1 − 𝑦)𝒒𝒓 où 𝒒 est le débit de mélange et 𝒒𝒓 est le débit relatif. Cette équation peut être complétée par un terme source de retour à l’équilibre 𝑦̅ caractérisé par un temps de relaxation 𝜏. Après avoir étudié le principe du maximum sur cette équation continue pour assurer 𝑦 ∈ [0,1], une discrétisation Volumes Finis est proposée avec deux schémas différents pour la convection par le débit relatif. La stabilité de ces deux schémas est examinée, démontrant la préservation du principe du maximum au niveau discret sans contrainte sur le pas de temps. En utilisant une solution analytique pour un cas 1D, plusieurs simulations sont présentées pour valider numériquement ces schémas et leur ordre de convergence. Dans une dernière partie, un terme source de production ne vérifiant par le principe du maximum continu est ajouté à l’équation. Un schéma est proposé pour maintenir le schéma discret stable. Plusieurs cas tests sont examinés pour valider ce schéma.
3:30 PM
Pause café
Pause café
3:30 PM - 4:00 PM
4:00 PM
Staggered finite volumes methods on general meshes
-
Pierre-Loïc Bacq
(
CEA
)
Staggered finite volumes methods on general meshes
Pierre-Loïc Bacq
(
CEA
)
4:00 PM - 4:30 PM
We consider the discretization of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. It is well known that staggered discretizations such as the MAC scheme are robust in practice [1]. In particular, they mitigate efficiently potential spurious modes that are commonly encountered with collocated meshes. However, such discretizations are restricted to Cartesian meshes which are rather limited in practice. PolyMAC schemes were developed at the CEA in order to generalize MAC schemes to general polyhedral meshes. Up to now, three versions were developed [2]. In this talk, we will first describe how all three discretizations are built and which difficulties each of them meets. Then, we present a benchmark of problems inspired by the conferences FVCA [3] to compare the three PolyMAC versions. The last panel of our presentation will be dedicated to the resolution of the linear systems resulting from the discretizations. Those systems which often present a complicated structure are challenging to solve by classical iterative solvers and can prove a bottleneck for the numerical simulation as a whole. We present a new algebraic approach to solve saddle-point systems arising from the PolyMAC discretizations and show that they are more robust that classical approaches. [1] F.H. Harlow, J.E. Welch, Numerical Calculation of Time-Dependent Viscous Incompressible FLow of Fluid with Free Surface, The Physics of Fluids, 8, 1965. [2] P.-L. Bacq, A. Gerschenfeld, M. Ndjinga, PolyMAC: Staggered Finite Volume Methods on General Meshes for Incompressible Navier-Stokes Problems, Finite Volume for Complex Applications X, 2023. [3] F. Boyer, P. Omnes, Benchmark Proposal for the FVCA 8 Conference; Finite Volume Methods for the Stokes and Navier-Stokes Equations, Finite Volumes for Complex Applications VIII - Methods and Theoretical Aspects, 2017.
4:30 PM
Relaxation process in an immiscible three-phase flow model
-
Guillaume Jomée
(
EDF R&D
)
Relaxation process in an immiscible three-phase flow model
Guillaume Jomée
(
EDF R&D
)
4:30 PM - 5:00 PM
This presentation deals with the numerical modeling of immiscible three-phase flows. The main focus here is on the numerical treatment of the source terms of the model. A new scheme based on a more coupled approach than the preexisting fractional step strategy is presented. Properties of this scheme are given. Numerical applications highlight the benefits of this scheme in terms of both accuracy and stability.
5:00 PM
Session poster
Session poster
5:00 PM - 6:00 PM
Wednesday, October 25, 2023
9:00 AM
Les SMRs, un nouveau modèle de nucléaire : contexte et enjeux associés
-
Pierre Gavoille
(
CEA
)
Les SMRs, un nouveau modèle de nucléaire : contexte et enjeux associés
Pierre Gavoille
(
CEA
)
9:00 AM - 9:45 AM
Depuis quelques années, les études de nouveaux concepts de réacteurs, les SMRs (Small Modular Reactors), ont pris de l’ampleur, prenant le contrepied de la course à la puissance unitaire des réacteurs constatée jusqu’alors. L’idée sous-jacente est de produire des réacteurs de petite taille unitaire, dont la construction se ferait en série par modules assemblés sur site. Au travers de ce changement de paradigme, les avantages visés sont une simplification du design, un recours plus important à des dispositifs de sûreté passive, et des coûts et délais de construction réduits. Ces réacteurs apportent également de nouvelles perspectives en termes d’implantation, de gestion de la sûreté, et de conditions d’utilisation. Ils ouvrent notamment des usages comme la fourniture de chaleur et d’électricité en cogénération, de manière à alimenter divers procédés industriels : la production d’hydrogène « bas carbone », la fourniture de chaleur industrielle ou pour les réseaux de chauffage urbain, le dessalement d’eau de mer, ou même, via la capture de CO2, la fourniture de carburants de synthèse. Tous ces usages supposent des conditions d’implantation différentes, et font naitre des enjeux nouveaux. Sur le plan industriel et commercial, le panorama actuel des projets en développement à l’international est très varié, avec des concepts technologiques de génération 3 et 4, des initiatives portées par des start-up, comme par des acteurs historiques du nucléaire. Dans ce schéma de concurrence accrue, le délai d’arrivée sur le marché, afin de bénéficier d’un effet de série, est crucial. Les premiers concepts qui devraient être mis en service reposent sur la technologie à eau légère, à l’image du projet NUWARD™ porté en France par EdF et ses partenaires.
9:45 AM
Les SMRs : concepts et axes de R&D multiples
-
André Bergeron
(
CEA
)
Les SMRs : concepts et axes de R&D multiples
André Bergeron
(
CEA
)
9:45 AM - 10:30 AM
Depuis quelques années le mot SMR est évoqué de plus en plus souvent dans les médias quand on évoque les développements actuels de l’énergie nucléaire. Le SMR est un petit réacteur modulaire. Le concept de petit réacteur n’est pas nouveau mais son association en batterie sur un même site, facilitée notamment par la modularité, permet d’adapter la puissance électrique ou la chaleur produite à une grille de besoins plus locaux que les grosses unités qui présentent certes de meilleurs coûts de construction au Kwe mais pour des investissements en temps et en financement plus exigeants au départ. Les SMRs visent la décarbonation de l’industrie d’où son engouement actuel. Il n’y a pas un SMR mais de l’ordre de 80 concepts actuellement en développement (industriels, start-ups, institutions de Recherche). Ils se classent soit en Génération 3 en prolongement des réacteurs actuels soit en Génération 4 se mettant ainsi dans les rails du projet GEN IV visant, depuis une vingtaine d’année, à l’investigation de 6 filières spécifiques de réacteurs aux contraintes en matière de sûreté et de non-prolifération avancées. Chaque filière présente des avantages et inconvénients techniques et ne sont pas toutes de la même maturité industrielle impliquant leurs déclinaisons en SMR plus ou moins challenging. Le réacteur à sels fondus est particulièrement innovant alors que Nuward ou Nuscale sont de petits REP de Génération 3 dans la lignée du parc actuel. Néanmoins, même dans le cas de SMRs de Génération3, les petites tailles et puissances permettent de mettre en œuvre des conceptions très innovantes, telles que par exemple le recours à des systèmes d’évacuation de puissance passifs ou à la notion de remplacement aisé de composants du réacteur, options inaccessibles ou difficiles à démontrer sur de gros réacteurs. Ainsi les SMRs vont bien au-delà de la réalisation de petits REPs ou de petits RNRs mais constituent une belle opportunité de mettre en œuvre de façon industrielle les innovations proposées dans le domaine du nucléaire depuis des décennies et dans ce cadre de mener d’intéressantes actions de R&D.
10:30 AM
Pause café
Pause café
10:30 AM - 11:00 AM
11:00 AM
Réacteurs innovants: le nucléaire en mode “startup"
-
Antoine Gerschenfeld
(
CEA & Stellaria
)
Réacteurs innovants: le nucléaire en mode “startup"
Antoine Gerschenfeld
(
CEA & Stellaria
)
11:00 AM - 11:45 AM
11:45 AM
Discussion et présentation du futur réseau thématique
-
Olga Mula
(
TU Eindhoven
)
Nicolas Seguin
(
Inria
)
Discussion et présentation du futur réseau thématique
Olga Mula
(
TU Eindhoven
)
Nicolas Seguin
(
Inria
)
11:45 AM - 12:30 PM
12:30 PM
Déjeuner
Déjeuner
12:30 PM - 2:00 PM
Thursday, October 26, 2023
9:00 AM
On classical and modern approximations for neutron transport in a unified framework
-
Matthias Schlottbom
(
University of Twente
)
On classical and modern approximations for neutron transport in a unified framework
Matthias Schlottbom
(
University of Twente
)
9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In this lecture we consider the numerical approximation of the neutron transport equation. First, we will model the relevant physical processes using integro-partial differential equations. Next, we discuss classical approximation techniques, such as Legendre expansions or the discrete ordinates method, which have mostly been treated independently. We present a variational framework that allows to interpret these method all at once - in particular a unified error estimate holds. The second part of the lecture concerns the numerical solution of the linear systems arising from these discretization. Within our variational setting, we will investigate subspace correction techniques for the robust solution of these systems.
10:30 AM
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:30 AM - 11:00 AM
11:00 AM
On classical and modern approximations for neutron transport in a unified framework
-
Matthias Schlottbom
(
University of Twente
)
On classical and modern approximations for neutron transport in a unified framework
Matthias Schlottbom
(
University of Twente
)
11:00 AM - 12:30 PM
In this lecture we consider the numerical approximation of the neutron transport equation. First, we will model the relevant physical processes using integro-partial differential equations. Next, we discuss classical approximation techniques, such as Legendre expansions or the discrete ordinates method, which have mostly been treated independently. We present a variational framework that allows to interpret these method all at once - in particular a unified error estimate holds. The second part of the lecture concerns the numerical solution of the linear systems arising from these discretization. Within our variational setting, we will investigate subspace correction techniques for the robust solution of these systems.
12:30 PM
Lunch
Lunch
12:30 PM - 2:00 PM
2:00 PM
The Nuclear Engineering MOdelling (NEMO) group at Politecnico di Torino: a focus on reactor physics studies and research
-
Sandra Dulla
(
Politecnico di Torino
)
The Nuclear Engineering MOdelling (NEMO) group at Politecnico di Torino: a focus on reactor physics studies and research
Sandra Dulla
(
Politecnico di Torino
)
2:00 PM - 3:00 PM
The Nuclear Engineering MOdelling (NEMO) group at Politecnico di Torino is working since many years on various modelling aspects of nuclear engineering, covering both fission and fusion applications, thanks to the active participation of its members to a variety of national and international research projects. In this seminar, a brief overview of the NEMO group activities will be given. Then, the latest activities in the field of nuclear reactor physics modelling will be illustrated, with a specific focus on the development of innovative approaches to the study of nuclear reactors and the application of state-of-the-art reactor physics tools to innovative reactor concepts.
3:00 PM
Robust resolution of chemical equilibrium by the methods of parametrization and cartesian representations
-
Maxime Jonval
(
Inria
)
Robust resolution of chemical equilibrium by the methods of parametrization and cartesian representations
Maxime Jonval
(
Inria
)
3:00 PM - 3:30 PM
The calculation of chemical equilibrium of a single-phase system amounts to finding the quantities of chemical species that minimize the Gibbs free energy under constant temperature and pressure, with mass conservation and non-negativity constraints. This problem can be expressed as the solution of a nonlinear system of equations that presents many numerical difficulties. In particular, Newton’s method faces difficulties to converge when one of the species tends to disappear. The remedy usually employed is to work in the logarithm of the concentrations, which improves the situation for small concentrations but significantly degrades the convergence for large ones. The objective of this work is to develop resolution strategies better adapted to these two operating regimes. To do so, we extend to our setting the parametrized form of the switching-variable technique proposed in [K. Brenner, C. Cancès, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 55 (2017), pp 1760-1785] for the Richards equation. Alternatively, we propose to reformulate the problem by introducing new variables which relax the logarithm of concentrations and whose relation with the concentrations is expressed by a well-balanced Cartesian representation designed to control the partial derivatives. We implement and test these methods on geochemical systems consisting of an aqueous phase at equilibrium. The first results show a clear improvement of the robustness in terms of convergence compared to those of the literature.
3:30 PM
Coffee break
Coffee break
3:30 PM - 4:00 PM
4:00 PM
Convergence of a Finite-Volume scheme for a heat equation with multiplicative noise
-
Flore Nabet
(
École polytechnique
)
Convergence of a Finite-Volume scheme for a heat equation with multiplicative noise
Flore Nabet
(
École polytechnique
)
4:00 PM - 5:00 PM
In this talk we will focus on the finite volume approximation of the heat equation with a continuous Lipschitz multiplicative noise. The aim is to prove the convergence of the numerical scheme to the unique variational solution of the continuous problem. To this end, we adapt the method based on Prokhorov's theorem to obtain a first convergence result, then Skorokhod's representation theorem is used to obtain convergence of the scheme to a martingale solution. Finally, the Gyöngy-Krylov argument is used to prove convergence in probability to the unique variational solution of our problem. This work was carried out in collaboration with C. Bauzet, K. Schmitz and A. Zimmermann.
5:00 PM
A new exact and scalable model for multitask gaussian process regression: application to the reconstruction of nuclear data in neutronics codes
-
Olivier Truffinet
(
CEA
)
A new exact and scalable model for multitask gaussian process regression: application to the reconstruction of nuclear data in neutronics codes
Olivier Truffinet
(
CEA
)
5:00 PM - 5:30 PM
Multitask gaussian processes are popular tools for learning several correlated outputs, and find applications for instance in medicine, robotics, earth sciences, etc. In this field, the Linear Model of Co-regionalization (LMC) is a very general model, which expressivity and conceptual simplicity are appealing; however, its cubic complexity in both the number of datapoints and number of tasks makes exact computation impractical for most applications, making simplifications or approximations - in general quite complex - mandatory. We here show that under a very mild restriction on the structure of the noise model, the LMC can actually decouple over latent processes, leading to a complexity that is only linear in the number of said processes. We show how to parametrize and optimize the resulting model, and confirm its excellent behavior with a parametric study on synthetic data. We finally apply this work to a problem of neutronics simulation : the reconstruction of homogenized cross-sections in deterministic codes.
Friday, October 27, 2023
8:45 AM
An introduction to Uncertainty Quantification: Bayesian inference, rare event estimation and dimension reduction
-
Olivier Zahm
(
Inria
)
An introduction to Uncertainty Quantification: Bayesian inference, rare event estimation and dimension reduction
Olivier Zahm
(
Inria
)
8:45 AM - 10:15 AM
In the first part of this lecture, we will introduce the basics of uncertainty quantification (UQ) for complex and multi-dimensional models. Our emphasis will be on addressing Bayesian inverse problems and rare events estimation. In the second part, we will demonstrate how employing gradient-based dimension reduction techniques allows for the effective identification of pertinent subspaces in both the model's input and output. We will illustrate how this approach can be applied for the (quasi)optimal placement of sensors, but also for the efficient transport-based solution to Bayesian inference problems.
10:15 AM
Coffee break
Coffee break
10:15 AM - 10:30 AM
10:30 AM
An introduction to Uncertainty Quantification: Bayesian inference, rare event estimation and dimension reduction
-
Olivier Zahm
(
Inria
)
An introduction to Uncertainty Quantification: Bayesian inference, rare event estimation and dimension reduction
Olivier Zahm
(
Inria
)
10:30 AM - 12:00 PM
In the first part of this lecture, we will introduce the basics of uncertainty quantification (UQ) for complex and multi-dimensional models. Our emphasis will be on addressing Bayesian inverse problems and rare events estimation. In the second part, we will demonstrate how employing gradient-based dimension reduction techniques allows for the effective identification of pertinent subspaces in both the model's input and output. We will illustrate how this approach can be applied for the (quasi)optimal placement of sensors, but also for the efficient transport-based solution to Bayesian inference problems.
12:00 PM
Lunch & Farewell
Lunch & Farewell
12:00 PM - 1:30 PM