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The map $u_*\colon\mathbb R3\to\mathbb S2$, $x\mapsto x/|x|$, is a local minimizer of the Dirichlet energy $\int |\nabla u|^2$ among $\mathbb S2$-valued maps. I will present recent results, and open questions, about quantitative versions of that statement and its extension to a family of energies arising from the physics of liquid crystals. This is joint work with Pierre Bousquet.