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Description
Cooperative search games are collective tasks where all agents share
the same goal of reaching a target in the shortest time while limiting
energy expenditure and avoiding collisions. Here we show that the
equations that characterize the optimal strategy are identical to a
long-known phenomenological model of chemotaxis, the directed motion of
microorganisms guided by chemical cues. Within this analogy, the
substance to which searchers respond acts as the memory over which
agents share information about the environment. The actions of writing,
erasing, and forgetting are equivalent to production, consumption, and
degradation of chemoattractant. The rates at which these biochemical
processes take place are tightly related to the parameters that
characterize the decision-making problem, such as learning rate, costs
for time, control, collisions and their tradeoffs, as well as the
attitude of agents toward risk. We establish a dictionary that maps
notions from decision-making theory to biophysical observables in
chemotaxis, and vice versa. Our results offer a fundamental explanation
of why search algorithms that mimic microbial chemotaxis can be very
effective and suggest how to optimize their performance.
