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After reviewing the concept of higher-form global symmetries, with a particular focus on one-form symmetries in four-dimensional (4d) gauge theories, I will discuss the notion of global variants of 4d g-Yang–Mills theories, where g is a compact simple Lie algebra. Each global variant is characterized by a Lagrangian subgroup in Z × Z, where Z denotes the center of the connected and simply connected compact simple Lie group with Lie algebra g. These global variants play a key role in the study of electric-magnetic dualities and extend to other mathematical structures associated with (supersymmetric) gauge theories, including standard integrable systems such as elliptic Calogero–Moser systems.
Johannes Kellendonk, Alexander Thomas