I will discuss the dynamics of 2d gauge theories with massless adjoint matter, focusing on scenarios where the theory flows to a non-trivial gapless fixed point. Specifically, I will examine the case of an SU(N) gauge theory coupled to an adjoint Dirac fermion, which is conjectured to flow to a WZW coset model. I will argue that this IR CFT is subtle enough to capture interesting features essential for understanding the (de)confinement mechanisms in gauge theories. While the massless model is gapless and deconfined, I will discuss the conditions under which the theory flows to a gapped confined phase when a mass for the adjoint matter is introduced, showing how this can be predicted by analyzing the intricate symmetry structure of the CFT. Finally, I will use these insights to compute the behavior of the tension of confining strings and comment on how this quantity varies across the massive phase diagram, reaching both known and novel behaviors in specific limits.
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Julio Parra-Martinez, Giovanni Rizi & Xinliang Lyu